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Tropical Storm Kammuri (2002)
Severe Tropical Storm Kammuri, known in the Philippines as Tropical Storm Lagalag, killed hundreds of people in the wake of a deadly flood season in China. The system developed from a large monsoonal system that persisted toward the end of July 2002 near the Philippines. On August 2, a tropical depression formed off the northwest coast of Luzon and moved west-northwestward. Late on August 3, it intensified into Tropical Storm Kammuri off the coast of Hong Kong. A weakening ridge turned the storm northward toward the coast of China. The storm made landfall with late on August 4, after reaching peak winds of 100 km/h (65 mph). The system dissipated over the mountainous coastline of eastern China and merged with a cold front on August 7.
High rainfall from Kammuri affected large portions of China, particularly in Guangdong Province where it moved ashore. In that province, over 100,000 people had to evacuate due to flooding and after 6,810 houses were destroyed. The floods damaged roads, railroads, and tunnels, and left power and water outages across the region. Rainfall was beneficial in alleviating drought conditions in Guangdong, although further inland the rains occurred after months of deadly flooding. In Hunan Province, the storm's remnants merged with a cold front, destroying 12,400 houses. Across its path, the floods damaged or destroyed 245,000 houses and destroyed of crop fields. Kammuri caused 153 deaths, most of which were related to the remnants, and damage was estimated at $509 million (¥4.219 billion yuan).
==Meteorological history==
The origins of Kammuri are uncertain; they were possibly related to the monsoon trough that moved across the Philippines toward Guam. In late July, a large area of convection persisted in the Philippine Sea, organizing enough for the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) to initiate advisories on Tropical Depression Lagalag on August 1. Around that time, the system had several weak circulations, one of which persisted in the South China Sea; this center was located east of an area of thunderstorms due to moderate wind shear. Early on August 2, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) classified the system as a tropical depression to the north of Luzon.〔 Shortly thereafter, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) followed suit by initiating advisories on Tropical Depression 17W,〔 and the Hong Kong Observatory (HKO) followed suit early on August 3.〔 Initially, it moved generally to the west-northwest, owing to a mid-level ridge over eastern China. The convection became more concentrated,〔 and the JMA upgraded the depression to Tropical Storm Kammuri late on August 3, to the south of Hong Kong.
An upper-level low connected to a trough weakened the ridge over China, allowing Kammuri to move slowly northward.〔 Continued wind shear initially prevented the thunderstorms from being located over the center, although the shear gradually decreased, allowing the convection to organize.〔 Kammuri quickly intensified into a severe tropical storm; the JMA estimated peak 10-minute sustained winds of 100 km/h (65 mph) at 1800 UTC on August 4.〔 The JTWC estimated the storm was weaker, with 1-minute winds of 95 km/h (60 mph).〔 At around 2300 UTC on August 4, Kammuri made landfall east of Hong Kong in Guangdong Province,〔 just east of Shanwei.〔 An approaching mid-latitude storm caused it to accelerate over land.〔 Kammuri quickly weakened to a tropical depression,〔 and the JTWC discontinued advisories at 1200 UTC on August 5.〔 The JMA continued tracking the system until Kammuri dissipated on August 7 over central China.〔 The remnants were absorbed by a cold front.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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